ARE Structural Systems
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About ARE 4.0: Structural Systems

The Structural Systems division of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE) is administered by the National Council of Architectural Registration Board (NCARB).

The ARE requires the identification and incorporation of general structural and lateral forces principles in the design and construction of buildings.

The table below shows the format and number of questions for the ARE 4.0 Structural System Division:
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1.) Multiple Choice
  • The percentages of questions given from each topic are:
GEneral structures     50-54 percent of scored items
A. Principles
Apply general structural principles to building design
and construction.

     1. Building Design
     Analyze and investigate the structural loads and conditions that
     affect building design through use of engineering principles and
     functional requirements.

     2. Building Systems and their Integration
     Determine appropriate building structural systems
     and components.

     3. Implications of Design Decisions
     Evaluate the impact of structural design decisions on other
     building design issues.


B. Materials & Technology
Analyze the implications of design decisions in the selection
of systems, materials, and construction details related to
general structural design.

      1. Construction Details and Constructability
      Analyze the impact of structural decisions on the
      construction process.

     2. Construction Materials
     Apply knowledge of the properties of materials
     that affect their structural characteristics.


C. Codes & Regulations
Incorporate building codes, specialty codes, and
other regulatory requirements in the design of
general structural systems.

     1. Government and Regulatory Requirements
     Assess and apply building codes and other regulations
     that affect structural systems.

Seismic forces                     18-22 percent of scored items
A. Principles
Apply seismic forces principles to building design
and construction.

     1. Building Design
     Analyze and investigate seismic loads and conditions that
     affect building design through use of engineering principles
     and functional requirements.

     2. Building Systems and their Integration
     Determine appropriate seismic load resisting systems
     and components.


     3. Implications of Design Decisions
     Evaluate the impact of seismic load design decisions on other
     building design issues.


B. Materials & Technology
Analyze the implications of design decisions in the selection
of systems, materials, and construction details related to
seismic forces design.

     1. Construction Details and Constructability
     Analyze construction details and non-structural elements
     relative to their resistance to seismic forces.

     2. Construction Materials
     Consider construction materials relative to their
     resistance to seismic forces.


C. Codes & Regulations
Incorporate building codes, specialty codes, and other
regulatory requirements related to seismic forces.

     1. Government and Regulatory Requirements
     Assess and apply building codes and regulations with respect
     to the design of structures for resistance to seismic forces.

wind forces                           18-22 percent of scored items
A. Principles
Apply lateral forces principles to the design and
construction of buildings to resist wind forces.

     1. Building Design
     Analyze and investigate wind loads and conditions that
     affect building design through use of engineering principles
     and functional requirements.

     2. Building Systems and their Integration
     Determine appropriate wind load resisting systems
     and components.

     3. Implications of Design Decisions
     Evaluate the impact of wind load design decisions on other
     building design issues.


B. Materials & Technology
Analyze the implications of design decisions in the selection
of systems, materials, and construction details related to
wind forces.

     1. Construction Details and Constructability
     Analyze construction details and non-structural elements
     relative to their resistance to wind forces

     2. Construction Materials
     Consider construction materials relative to their resistance to
     wind forces.


C. Codes & Regulations
Incorporate building codes and other regulatory
requirements related to wind forces.


     1. Government and Regulatory Requirements
     Assess and apply building codes and regulations with respect to
     the design of structures for resistance to wind forces.

lateral forces                     7-9 percent of scored items
A. Principles
Apply lateral forces principles to the design and
construction of buildings.

     1. Building Design
     Analyze and investigate lateral loads and conditions that affect
     building design through use of engineering principles and
     functional requirements.


     2. Building Systems and their Integration
     Determine appropriate lateral load resisting systems
     and components.

     3. Implications of Design Decisions
     Evaluate the impact of lateral load design decisions on other
     building design issues.


B. Materials & Technology
Analyze the implications of design decisions in the selection
of systems, materials, and construction details related to
lateral forces.

     1. Construction Details and Constructability
     Analyze construction details and non-structural elements
     relative to their resistance to lateral forces.

     2. Construction Materials
     Consider construction materials relative to their resistance to
     lateral forces.
2.) Structural Layout Vignette
  • Design a schematic framing plan for a one-story building with a multi-level roof.

The following design methods have been used for the test questions:
  • For wood structures, Allowable Stress Design Method
  • For steel structures, Load and Resistance Factor Design Method
  • For concrete structures, Strength Design Method
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